以下消息來自國家商務(wù)部網(wǎng)站：
中華人民共和國商務(wù)部令
二〇二一年 第1號
《阻斷外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用辦法》已經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，現(xiàn)予公布，自公布之日起施行。
部 長 王文濤
2021年1月9日
阻斷外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用辦法
第一條 為了阻斷外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用對中國的影響，維護(hù)國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，保護(hù)中國公民、法人或者其他組織的合法權(quán)益，根據(jù)《中華人民共和國國家安全法》等有關(guān)法律，制定本辦法。
第二條 本辦法適用于外國法律與措施的域外適用違反國際法和國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，不當(dāng)禁止或者限制中國公民、法人或者其他組織與第三國（地區(qū)）及其公民、法人或者其他組織進(jìn)行正常的經(jīng)貿(mào)及相關(guān)活動的情形。
第三條 中國政府堅持獨立自主的對外政策，堅持互相尊重主權(quán)、互不干涉內(nèi)政和平等互利等國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，遵守所締結(jié)的國際條約、協(xié)定，履行承擔(dān)的國際義務(wù)。
第四條 國家建立由中央國家機(jī)關(guān)有關(guān)部門參加的工作機(jī)制（以下簡稱工作機(jī)制），負(fù)責(zé)外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用的應(yīng)對工作。工作機(jī)制由國務(wù)院商務(wù)主管部門牽頭，具體事宜由國務(wù)院商務(wù)主管部門、發(fā)展改革部門會同其他有關(guān)部門負(fù)責(zé)。
第五條 中國公民、法人或者其他組織遇到外國法律與措施禁止或者限制其與第三國（地區(qū)）及其公民、法人或者其他組織正常的經(jīng)貿(mào)及相關(guān)活動情形的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在30日內(nèi)向國務(wù)院商務(wù)主管部門如實報告有關(guān)情況。報告人要求保密的，國務(wù)院商務(wù)主管部門及其工作人員應(yīng)當(dāng)為其保密。
第六條 有關(guān)外國法律與措施是否存在不當(dāng)域外適用情形，由工作機(jī)制綜合考慮下列因素評估確認(rèn)：
（一）是否違反國際法和國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則；
（二）對中國國家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益可能產(chǎn)生的影響；
（三）對中國公民、法人或者其他組織合法權(quán)益可能產(chǎn)生的影響；
（四）其他應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮的因素。
第七條 工作機(jī)制經(jīng)評估，確認(rèn)有關(guān)外國法律與措施存在不當(dāng)域外適用情形的，可以決定由國務(wù)院商務(wù)主管部門發(fā)布不得承認(rèn)、不得執(zhí)行、不得遵守有關(guān)外國法律與措施的禁令（以下簡稱禁令）。
工作機(jī)制可以根據(jù)實際情況，決定中止或者撤銷禁令。
第八條 中國公民、法人或者其他組織可以向國務(wù)院商務(wù)主管部門申請豁免遵守禁令。
申請豁免遵守禁令的，申請人應(yīng)當(dāng)向國務(wù)院商務(wù)主管部門提交書面申請，書面申請應(yīng)當(dāng)包括申請豁免的理由以及申請豁免的范圍等內(nèi)容。國務(wù)院商務(wù)主管部門應(yīng)當(dāng)自受理申請之日起30日內(nèi)作出是否批準(zhǔn)的決定；情況緊急時應(yīng)當(dāng)及時作出決定。
第九條 當(dāng)事人遵守禁令范圍內(nèi)的外國法律與措施，侵害中國公民、法人或者其他組織合法權(quán)益的，中國公民、法人或者其他組織可以依法向人民法院提起訴訟，要求該當(dāng)事人賠償損失；但是，當(dāng)事人依照本辦法第八條規(guī)定獲得豁免的除外。
根據(jù)禁令范圍內(nèi)的外國法律作出的判決、裁定致使中國公民、法人或者其他組織遭受損失的，中國公民、法人或者其他組織可以依法向人民法院提起訴訟，要求在該判決、裁定中獲益的當(dāng)事人賠償損失。
本條第一款、第二款規(guī)定的當(dāng)事人拒絕履行人民法院生效的判決、裁定的，中國公民、法人或者其他組織可以依法申請人民法院強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。
第十條 工作機(jī)制成員單位應(yīng)當(dāng)依照各自職責(zé)，為中國公民、法人或者其他組織應(yīng)對外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用提供指導(dǎo)和服務(wù)。
第十一條 中國公民、法人或者其他組織根據(jù)禁令，未遵守有關(guān)外國法律與措施并因此受到重大損失的，政府有關(guān)部門可以根據(jù)具體情況給予必要的支持。
第十二條 對外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用，中國政府可以根據(jù)實際情況和需要，采取必要的反制措施。
第十三條 中國公民、法人或者其他組織未按照規(guī)定如實報告有關(guān)情況或者不遵守禁令的，國務(wù)院商務(wù)主管部門可以給予警告，責(zé)令限期改正，并可以根據(jù)情節(jié)輕重處以罰款。
第十四條 國務(wù)院商務(wù)主管部門工作人員未按照規(guī)定為報告有關(guān)情況的中國公民、法人或者其他組織保密的，依法給予處分；構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。
第十五條 中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約、協(xié)定規(guī)定的外國法律與措施域外適用情形，不適用本辦法。
第十六條 本辦法自公布之日起施行。
Order of the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China
2021 No. 1
The Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures, approved by the State Council, are hereby promulgated and shall be effective as of the date of the promulgation.
Minister of Commerce
Wang Wentao
January 9, 2021
Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures
Article 1 These Rules are formulated in accordance with the National Security Law of the People’s Republic of China and other relevant laws, for the purpose of counteracting the impact on China caused by unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations of China.
Article 2 These Rules apply to situations where the extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, in violation of international law and the basic principles of international relations, unjustifiably prohibits or restricts the citizens, legal persons or other organizations of China from engaging in normal economic, trade and related activities with a third State (or region) or its citizens, legal persons or other organizations.
Article 3 The Chinese Government pursues an independent foreign policy, adheres to the basic principles of international relations, including mutual respect for sovereignty, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, and equality and mutual benefit, abides by the international treaties and agreements to which China is a party, and fulfills its international obligations.
Article 4 The State shall establish a working mechanism composed of relevant central departments (hereinafter referred to as “the working mechanism”), to take charge of counteracting unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures. The working mechanism is led by the competent department of commerce of the State Council, and the specific matters thereof are handled by the competent department of commerce and the department of development and reform in conjunction with other relevant departments of the State Council.
Article 5 Where a citizen, legal person or other organization of China is prohibited or restricted by foreign legislation and other measures from engaging in normal economic, trade and related activities with a third State (or region) or its citizens, legal persons or other organizations, he/it shall truthfully report such matters to the competent department of commerce of the State Council within 30 days. The matters reported shall be kept confidential by the competent department of commerce of the State Council and its staff members if so requested.
Article 6 When assessing and determining whether there exists unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, the working mechanism shall take the following factors into overall account:
(1) whether international law or the basic principles of international relations are violated;
(2) potential impact on China’s national sovereignty, security and development interests;
(3) potential impact on the legitimate rights and interests of the citizens, legal persons or other organizations of China;
(4) other factors that shall be taken into account.
Article 7 Where the working mechanism, upon assessment, confirms that there exists unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, it may decide that the competent department of commerce of the State Council shall issue a prohibition order to the effect that, the relevant foreign legislation and other measures are not accepted, executed, or observed (hereinafter referred to as “prohibition order”).
The prohibition order may be suspended or withdrawn by decision of the working mechanism based on actual circumstances.
Article 8 A citizen, legal person or other organization of China may apply to the competent department of commerce of the State Council for exemption from compliance with a prohibition order.
To apply for exemption from compliance with the prohibition order, a written application shall be submitted to the competent department of commerce of the State Council, in which the reasons for the application for exemption and the scope of exemption shall be included. Decisions on whether to approve the application or not shall be made within 30 days from the date of acceptance of the application; decisions shall be made in a timely manner in case of emergency.
Article 9 Where a person complies with the foreign legislation and other measures within the scope of a prohibition order, and thus infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of a citizen, legal person or other organization of China, the latter may, in accordance with law, institute legal proceedings in a people’s court, and claim for compensation by the person; except where the former person is granted exemption in accordance with Article 8 of these Rules.
Where a judgment or ruling made in accordance with the foreign legislation within the scope of the prohibition order causes losses to a citizen, legal person or other organization of China, the latter may, in accordance with law, institute legal proceedings in a people’s court, and claim for compensation by the person who benefits from the said judgment or ruling.
Where the person referred to in Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 of this Article refuses to execute an effective judgment or ruling made by the people’s court, the citizen, legal person or other organization of China may apply to the people’s court for enforcement in accordance with law.
Article 10 Members of the working mechanism shall, in accordance with their respective functions and duties, provide guidance and service for the citizens, legal persons or other organizations of China in response to unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures.
Article 11 Where, in adherence to the prohibition order, a citizen, legal person or other organization of China suffers significant losses resulting from non-compliance with the relevant foreign legislation and other measures, relevant government departments may provide necessary support based on specific circumstances.
Article 12 In response to unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, the Chinese Government may take necessary counter-measures based on actual circumstances and needs.
Article 13 Where a citizen, legal person or other organization of China fails to truthfully report as required or fails to comply with the prohibition order, the competent department of commerce of the State Council may give a warning, order he/it to rectify within a specified period of time, and may concurrently impose a fine according to the severity of the circumstances.
Article 14 Where a staff member of the competent department of commerce of the State Council fails to keep confidentiality for the citizen, legal person or other organization of China who makes the report according to relevant provisions, the staff member shall be punished in accordance with law. Where a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated for in accordance with law.
Article 15 These Rules shall not apply to such extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures as provided for in treaties or international agreements to which China is a party.
Article 16 These Rules shall be effective as of the date of promulgation.
(All information published on this website is authentic in Chinese. English is provided for reference only.)
保護(hù)正當(dāng)合法權(quán)益 維護(hù)國際經(jīng)貿(mào)秩序——權(quán)威專家就《阻斷外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用辦法》答記者問
經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，1月9日，商務(wù)部公布《阻斷外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用辦法》（以下簡稱《辦法》），自公布之日起施行。《辦法》出臺的背景是什么？其制度設(shè)計有哪些考量？對企業(yè)有何影響？圍繞社會關(guān)切，記者采訪了長期跟蹤研究阻斷立法的中國人民大學(xué)法學(xué)院教授韓立余。
發(fā)布《辦法》是必要之舉
當(dāng)前，外國法律與措施的不當(dāng)域外適用時有發(fā)生，不斷沖擊以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的多邊貿(mào)易體制，給世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇帶來了不利影響。
“在此背景下，根據(jù)《中華人民共和國國家安全法》等有關(guān)法律，中國政府制定出臺了這一《辦法》，以捍衛(wèi)國家利益，避免或減輕對我企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的不利影響，維護(hù)正常的國際經(jīng)貿(mào)秩序。辦法第二條明確界定了適用范圍，即違反國際法和國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，不當(dāng)禁止或限制中國企業(yè)與第三國企業(yè)正常經(jīng)貿(mào)活動的外國法律與措施的域外適用情形。這種情形，我們通常稱之為“次級制裁”。”韓立余說。
《辦法》重申，中國政府堅持獨立自主的對外政策，堅持互相尊重主權(quán)、互不干涉內(nèi)政和平等互利等國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，遵守所締結(jié)的國際條約、協(xié)定，履行承擔(dān)的國際義務(wù)。
韓立余表示，《辦法》的出臺，表明了中國政府反對外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用的嚴(yán)正立場，提供了保障企業(yè)合法權(quán)益的救濟(jì)渠道，也體現(xiàn)了中國維護(hù)國際經(jīng)貿(mào)秩序的責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)。
受新冠疫情沖擊，全球貿(mào)易和投資大幅萎縮。世界貿(mào)易組織發(fā)布報告，預(yù)計2020年全球貨物貿(mào)易將下降9.2%。聯(lián)合國貿(mào)發(fā)會議預(yù)測，2020年全球外國直接投資流量同比將下降近40%，多數(shù)跨國公司將2020年收益預(yù)期下調(diào)了30%。
習(xí)近平總書記強(qiáng)調(diào)，我們要秉持開放包容理念，堅定不移構(gòu)建開放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，維護(hù)以世界貿(mào)易組織為基石的多邊貿(mào)易體制，反對單邊主義、保護(hù)主義，維護(hù)全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)定暢通。
“在全球遭受新冠疫情沖擊，導(dǎo)致世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇乏力的當(dāng)下，各國更應(yīng)共同努力，促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)貿(mào)合作與發(fā)展。”韓立余說。
國際社會普遍反對有關(guān)外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用
出臺阻斷外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用的規(guī)定是中國特有的嗎？是否是國際社會普遍做法？
韓立余表示，20世紀(jì)90年代以來，聯(lián)合國通過一系列決議，要求廢除各種對他國企業(yè)和個人具有域外效力的單方面法律與措施，呼吁各國不承認(rèn)、不執(zhí)行此類法律與措施。
“阻斷有關(guān)外國法律與措施的不當(dāng)域外適用并非中國獨有。”韓立余說，歐盟、加拿大、墨西哥、阿根廷等國家和地區(qū)先后制定了阻斷立法。例如，歐盟（歐共體）于1996年制定了《抵制第三國立法域外適用效果及行動條例》，并于2018年更新修訂。
韓立余表示，中國政府一貫主張，在國與國交往中，要遵守國際法和國際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則。中國同世界其他絕大多數(shù)國家或地區(qū)一樣，反對借有關(guān)法律與措施的不當(dāng)域外適用損害他國的正當(dāng)合法權(quán)益。《辦法》的相關(guān)制度設(shè)計與其他國家或地區(qū)的做法是一致的。
制度設(shè)計借鑒了國際通行做法，不影響履行我國承諾的國際義務(wù)
《辦法》作出了哪些制度安排？
韓立余說，總體來說，《辦法》聚焦阻斷禁止或限制中國企業(yè)與第三國企業(yè)正常經(jīng)貿(mào)活動的不當(dāng)域外適用，為拒絕承認(rèn)、執(zhí)行和遵守有關(guān)外國法律與措施提供了法律依據(jù)。從內(nèi)容看，《辦法》在信息報告、發(fā)布禁令、司法救濟(jì)等方面，借鑒了歐盟等國家和地區(qū)的立法經(jīng)驗和制度設(shè)計，同時也立足于中國國情，考慮了中國應(yīng)對外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用的實際需要。
《辦法》是否會影響中國政府履行國際義務(wù)？
《辦法》規(guī)定，中華人民共和國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約、協(xié)定規(guī)定的外國法律與措施域外適用情形，不適用本辦法。
“中國政府一貫信守條約義務(wù)，認(rèn)真履行相關(guān)國際條約的規(guī)定。中國締結(jié)或者參加的國際條約，涉及外國法律與措施域外適用情形的，將不適用本《辦法》。”韓立余表示。
為企業(yè)捍衛(wèi)正當(dāng)合法權(quán)益提供了救濟(jì)途徑
《辦法》將如何維護(hù)企業(yè)合法權(quán)益？
韓立余說，《辦法》規(guī)定了中國公民、法人或其他組織遇到禁止或限制其與第三國正常經(jīng)貿(mào)活動的不當(dāng)域外適用時的報告制度，同時規(guī)定了保障企業(yè)合法權(quán)益的多種救濟(jì)渠道。
韓立余指出，在應(yīng)對有關(guān)外國法律與措施不當(dāng)域外適用上，中國政府將給企業(yè)提供指導(dǎo)和服務(wù)。如果中國企業(yè)因有關(guān)外國法律與措施的不當(dāng)域外適用遭受損失，可以向人民法院尋求司法救濟(jì)。企業(yè)根據(jù)禁令沒有遵守有關(guān)外國法律與措施遭受重大損失的，中國政府有關(guān)部門可以根據(jù)具體情況給予必要支持。
“禁令制度的實施，將在考慮相關(guān)措施和企業(yè)具體情況的基礎(chǔ)上，嚴(yán)格評估、審慎確認(rèn)。”韓立余表示，有關(guān)部門在發(fā)布、中止或撤銷禁令時，應(yīng)當(dāng)基于相關(guān)因素綜合考慮。
韓立余稱，需要指出的是，企業(yè)合法權(quán)益受到保護(hù)的同時，也要承擔(dān)一定的義務(wù)，比如要及時報告相關(guān)情況、遵守禁令等，否則將會受到相應(yīng)處罰。同時，針對實踐中我國公民、法人或者其他組織遵守禁令可能存在特殊困難或面臨特殊情形的，《辦法》也規(guī)定了豁免制度，以保障企業(yè)的正當(dāng)合法權(quán)益。